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Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an important treatment option for male infertility at pre-sent.However, a few patients still suffer from repeated ICSI fertilization failure because their sperm is unable to activate oocytes.Artificial oocyte activation (AOA) technology can improve the fertilization rate, pregnancy rate, live birth rate, etc., but it remains unknown whether AOA has short- and long-term effect on offspring.In this article, recent literature about the effect of AOA technology on perinatal outcomes, genetics, physical development and neurological development of offspring was summarized.This paper aims to provide reference for reproductive medicine workers and pediatricians in clinical practice.
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Objective:To compare the actual situation and measurement data of human resources deployment in public general hospitals in Pudong New Area, so as to provide a data basis for further optimizing the human resources deployment plan.Methods:The Pudong New Area Health Statistical Information System was used to collect the staffing information and business data of 9 public general hospitals in Pudong New Area, Shanghai in 2019. On such basis, the numbers of officially budgeted positions and actual positions were calculated. Descriptive analyses of the data were performed to compare the theoretical and actual quantities by paired t-test and Wilcoxn signed-rank sum test. Results:The actual number of officially budgeted positions of the 9 hospitals was less than the theoretical number( Z=-2.55, P=0.011), while the actual number of positions was less than that of theoretical number( t=3.36, P=0.010). The proportion of the officially budgeted position shortage at tertiary hospitals(72.77%)was higher than that of secondary hospitals(36.94%). The proportion of position shortage at tertiary hospitals(16.14%)was less than that at secondary hospitals(38.78%). Conclusions:Area-owned general hospitals are in shortage of human resources, while secondary and tertiary hospitals have different needs for human resources. The actual situation of a hospital should be comprehensively considered to develop an optimal deployment plan for human resources.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of oral glucocorticoid dose on maternal and infant outcomes in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE), thus providing reference for clinical work.Methods:Clinical data of pregnant women with SLE admitted to Department of Obstetrics, Peking University People′s Hospital from July 2015 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the daily oral glucocorticoid dose during pregnancy(equivalent converted to Prednisone), pregnant women were divided into 2 groups: ≤7.5 mg group(67 cases) and >7.5 mg group(74 cases). The maternal and fetal outcomes of the 2 groups were analyzed by t-test or χ2 test or Fisher′ s exact probability method. Results:The neonatal birth weight, birth length, white blood cell count and platelet count in ≤7.5 mg group were significantly higher than those in >7.5 mg group[(2 990.69±532.20) g vs.(2 734.57±608.35) g, (48.97±2.34) cm vs.(47.43±3.38) cm, (17.69±6.16)×10 9/L vs.(15.11±6.00)×10 9/L, (276.92±74.51)×10 9/L vs.(240.05±69.29)×10 9/L], while the incidence of low birth weight and neonatal transfer rate were significantly lower(13.85% vs.30.43%, 12.31% vs.33.33%) ( t/ χ2=2.587, 3.068, 2.354, 2.841, 5.301, 8.321, all P<0.05). Meanwhile, the incidence of maternal complications like hypertension disorders in pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus in the ≤7.5 mg group were lower than those in the >7.5 mg group, but the incidence of anemia and postpartum hemorrhage increased, although no significant differences were detected (all P>0.05). Conclusions:The overall maternal and fetal outcomes of patients with SLE with oral Prednisone ≤7.5 mg/d were better those medicated >7.5 mg/d, but the incidence of anemia during pregnancy and postpartum hemorrhage was higher.An individual monitoring and treatment should be concerned to improve the maternal and infant outcomes.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of reproduction on maternal and infant outcomes in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods:Clinical data of SLE patients complicated with pregnancy admitted in the Peking University People′s Hospital from July 2015 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively.According to the history of live birth, SLE patients complicated with pregnancy were divided into primiparity group (94 cases) and reproduction group (32 cases). Maternal and infant outcomes of the 2 groups were analyzed.Results:A total of 126 SLE patients complicated with pregnancy were included in the present study.The proportion of using immunosuppressants was significantly lower in reproduction group than that of primiparity group [3 cases (9.38%) vs.27 cases (28.72%)] ( χ2=4.927, P=0.026). Complications like lupus nephritis, thyroid disease and postpartum hemorrhage significantly increased in the reproduction group (all P<0.05), and the adverse neonatal outcomes like preterm infants, low birth weight infants and small for gestational age infants in the reproduction group were lower than those in primiparity group, but no significant differences were detected(all P>0.05). There were no significant diffe-rences in the results of the first blood routine examination of newborns and the incidence of neonatal pathological jaundice between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:For SLE patients complicated with reproductive pregnancy, although the incidence of some pregnancy complications increases, the incidence of adverse neonatal outcomes decreases.In addition, reducing the use of immunosuppressants may have positive implications on neonatal outcomes.
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Objective:To observe the pharmacodynamic effect of Xiaobanxia Decoction (XBXD) and categorized formula on cisplatin-induced delayed chemotherapeutic vomiting in rats, and to explore its prevention and treatment mechanism. Methods:Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, ondansetron group, XBXD group, Ginger Pinellia Decoction group and Pinellia and Dried Ginger Powder group, with 10 rats in each group. The ondansetron group was given 2.6 mg/(kg?d) ondansetron, the XBXD group was given XBXD 22 g/(kg?d), the Ginger Pinellia Decoction group was given 31.5 ml/(kg?d) Ginger Pinellia Decoction, and Pinellia and Dried Ginger Powder group was given 0.63 g/(kg?d) Dried Ginger Powder. The blank group and the model group were intragastrically administered with normal saline. All the treattmens were last for three days and twice per day. After the first administration, except the blank group, the rats in all groups were intraperitoneally injected with 6 mg/kg cisplatin to establish chemotherapy-induced vomiting model. The kaolin intake of the chemotherapical rats were weighed every 24 h, and the ileum and medulla 5-HT, 5-HIAA, TPH and MAOA levels were detected by ELISA.Results:Compared with the model group, the kaolin intake of the chemotherapy rats in each treatment group significantly decreased ( P<0.05). The levels of ileum 5-HT (308.04 ± 29.90 ng/L, 355.97 ± 19.16 ng/L, 389.97 ± 24.86 ng/L vs. 498.95 ± 13.92 ng/L) and medulla 5-HT (375.32 ± 19.33 ng/L, 395.18 ± 16.12 ng/L, 406.68 ± 12.09 ng/L vs. 478.52 ± 13.88 ng/L) in the XBXD group, Ginger Pinellia Decoction group and Pinellia and Dried Ginger Powder significantly decreased ( P<0.05). The levels of ileum TPH (35.14 ± 2.68 ng/L vs. 47.31 ± 0.83 ng/L) in the XBXD group significantly decreased ( P<0.05). The levels of medulla TPH (33.68 ± 2.79 ng/L, 38.19 ± 1.74 ng/L vs. 43.68 ± 1.53 ng/L) in the Ginger Pinellia Decoction group and Pinellia and Dried Ginger Powder significantly decreased ( P<0.05). The levels of MAOA, 5-HIAA in the ileum and medulla of the XBXD group, Ginger Pinellia Decoction group and Pinellia and Dried Ginger Powder significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusions:XBXD and categorized formula can effectively prevent and treat delayed chemotherapy-induced vomiting in rats, and its mechanism may be related to decrease the TPH level and inhibiting 5-HT synthesis.
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Objective@#To observe the pharmacodynamic effect of Xiaobanxia Decoction (XBXD) and categorized formula on cisplatin-induced delayed chemotherapeutic vomiting in rats, and to explore its prevention and treatment mechanism.@*Methods@#Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, ondansetron group, XBXD group, Ginger Pinellia Decoction group and Pinellia and Dried Ginger Powder group, with 10 rats in each group. The ondansetron group was given 2.6 mg/(kg•d) ondansetron, the XBXD group was given XBXD 22 g/(kg•d), the Ginger Pinellia Decoction group was given 31.5 ml/(kg•d) Ginger Pinellia Decoction, and Pinellia and Dried Ginger Powder group was given 0.63 g/(kg•d) Dried Ginger Powder. The blank group and the model group were intragastrically administered with normal saline. All the treattmens were last for three days and twice per day. After the first administration, except the blank group, the rats in all groups were intraperitoneally injected with 6 mg/kg cisplatin to establish chemotherapy-induced vomiting model. The kaolin intake of the chemotherapical rats were weighed every 24 h, and the ileum and medulla 5-HT, 5-HIAA, TPH and MAOA levels were detected by ELISA.@*Results@#Compared with the model group, the kaolin intake of the chemotherapy rats in each treatment group significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of ileum 5-HT (308.04 ± 29.90 ng/L, 355.97 ± 19.16 ng/L, 389.97 ± 24.86 ng/L vs. 498.95 ± 13.92 ng/L) and medulla 5-HT (375.32 ± 19.33 ng/L, 395.18 ± 16.12 ng/L, 406.68 ± 12.09 ng/L vs. 478.52 ± 13.88 ng/L) in the XBXD group, Ginger Pinellia Decoction group and Pinellia and Dried Ginger Powder significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of ileum TPH (35.14 ± 2.68 ng/L vs. 47.31 ± 0.83 ng/L) in the XBXD group significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of medulla TPH (33.68 ± 2.79 ng/L, 38.19 ± 1.74 ng/L vs. 43.68 ± 1.53 ng/L) in the Ginger Pinellia Decoction group and Pinellia and Dried Ginger Powder significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of MAOA, 5-HIAA in the ileum and medulla of the XBXD group, Ginger Pinellia Decoction group and Pinellia and Dried Ginger Powder significantly decreased (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#XBXD and categorized formula can effectively prevent and treat delayed chemotherapy-induced vomiting in rats, and its mechanism may be related to decrease the TPH level and inhibiting 5-HT synthesis.
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Objective@#To probe the prognostic value of consolidation chemotherapy in non-favorable acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients who were candidates for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) with first complete remission (CR1) and negative minimal residual disease (MRD-) .@*Methods@#A retrospective analysis was conducted on 155 patients with non-favorable AML who received allo-HSCT in CR1/MRD- from January 2010 to March 2019. The survival data were compared between patients who received and those not received pre-transplant consolidation chemotherapy.@*Results@#A total of 102 patients received pre-transplant consolidation chemotherapy (consolidation group) , and 53 cases directly proceeded to allo-HSCT when CR1/MRD- was achieved (nonconsolidation group) . The median ages were 39 (18-56) years old and 38 (19-67) years old, respectively. Five-year post-transplant overall survival [ (59.3±7.5) % vs (62.2±6.9) %, P=0.919] and relapse-free survival [ (53.0±8.9) % vs (61.6±7.0) %, P=0.936] were not significantly different between the two groups (consolidation vs nonconsolidation) . There was a weak relationship between consolidation therapy and cumulative incidence of relapse [consolidation: (21.9±5.4) % vs nonconsolidation: (18.3±6.0) %, P=0.942], as well as non-relapse mortality [consolidation: (22.4±4.3) % vs nonconsolidation: (28.4±6.5) %,P=0.464]. Multivariate analysis indicated that pre-transplant consolidation and the consolidation courses (< 2 vs ≥2 courses) did not have an impact on allo-HSCT outcomes.@*Conclusion@#Allo-HSCT for candidate patients without further consolidation when CR1/MRD- was attained was feasible.
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Objective@#To understand the status quo and differences of the rights and interests of primary medical staff in a community, and to provide targeted suggestions for improving the rights of such staff.@*Methods@#From October to November 2018, a questionnaire survey was conducted on all the medical staff of 8 community health service centers in a district of Shanghai, and 562 valid samples were obtained.@*Results@#The primary medical staff had the highest demands for " pay rise" (4.783±0.598), " paid vacation" (4.569±0.873)and " additional reserve fund" (4.553±0.963); the lowest demands were placed on " education-based promotion" (3.797±1.382), " refresher training" (3.801±1.314), and " opinion feedback mechanism" (4.018±1.223). At the same time, the rights and interests of these staff in different occupational categories were significantly different(P<0.05)in " daily reimbursement" , " housing subsidy" , " refresher training" and " opinion feedback mechanism" .@*Conclusions@#The salary demands of the primary medical staff are the most obvious, and there are differences in the demands of medical staff in different occupational categories. It is suggested to establish a more reasonable salary system and pay attention to the differentiated appeals of different medical personnel.
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Data were collected from national health statistics reports and grassroots health comprehensive reform monitoring reports to survey the workload, service efficiency and regional medical coordination in community health service centers in Shanghai Pudong New Area.The efficiency of basic medical services and basic public health services in Pudong New Area increased yearly from 2010 to 2016. The improved capacity of community health service institutions included: mutual recognition of investigation with superior hospitals, the sharing of test results and test equipment in the region, and achieving remote consultation with superior hospitals. With the continuous improvement, more medical services can be provided in community health centers in Shanghai Pudong New Area, resulting in the increased workload of medical staff. The coordination of regional institutions further promotes the implementation of tiered medical service system.
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Objective To investigate the perinatal independent risk factors and neonatal complications of discordant twins.Methods Clinical data of 152 (76 pairs) discordant twins and 552 (276 pairs) concordant twins were enrolled at the Obstetrics of Peking University People's Hospital from November 1,2011 to October 31,2016.The perinatal characteristics and the neonatal complications in 2 groups were analyzed and compared.Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors associated with the occurrence of discordant twins.Results (1) The gestational age,the incidence of term infants and birth weight of the discordant twins were significantly lower than those of the concordant twins[(35.8 ±2.5) weeks vs.(36.7 ± 1.8) weeks,48.7％ vs.60.2％,(2 277.1 ± 575.7) g vs.(2 545.0 ± 413.4) g],and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of premature infants,the incidence of infants small for gestational age and the rate of transferring discordant twins to pediatric department were significantly higher than that of concordant twins (51.3％ vs.39.9％,40.8％ vs.13.2％,46.1％ vs.26.8％),and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).(2) The incidence of neonatal asphyxia,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,neonatal pneumonia,neonatal apnea,bronchopulmonary dysplasia,neonatal sepsis and neonatal intracranial hemorrhage were significantly higher than those of concordant twins (6.6％ vs.2.5％,7.2％ vs.3.1％,5.3％ vs.1.3％,9.2％ vs.3.3％,3.9％ vs.0.9％,3.3％ vs.0.7％,4.6％ vs.O.7％),and the differences were statistically significant(all P ＜ 0.05).(3) The birth weight in the twins with low body weight group was significantly lower than that in the twins with high body weight group [(1 926.7 ± 414.1) g vs.(2 618.7 ± 504.6) g],and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of small for gestational age,the rate of conversion to pediatrics and the incidence of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage in the twins with low body weight group were significantly higher than those in the twins with high body weight group (65.8％ vs.6.6％,56.6％ vs.35.5 ％,9.2％ vs.0),and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).(4) Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertensive disorder during pregnancy (OR =2.127,95％ CI:1.392-3.253) and gestational diabetes mellitus (OR =1.684,95％ CI:1.112-2.552) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of discordant twins.Conclusions Hypertensive disorder during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus are independent risk factors for the occurrence of discordant twins,who are much more likely to develop various neonatal complications,particularly low-birth-weight infants.Timely surveillance and treatment of short-term complications and long-time follow-up are essential to discordant twins.
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Objective To evaluate the present family doctors staffing and service capacity building in Changning under the linkage reform of contracting service and health insurance payment . Methods The staffing data of family doctors were collected from the 2013-2015 annual reports ,while the data on their qualifications ,training ,job stress and competence were collected from two follow-up investigations. These data were analyzed with descriptive statistics .Results in 2016 ,the number of family doctors totaled 27000 ,up to 2.75 doctors per 10000 people.Over 97％ of the family doctors were qualification certificated.More than half of the family doctors participated in the standardized training .68.80％ (97/141)of the family doctors complained overwork.More than 80％ of the family doctors have encountered technical problems with medical services .Conclusions The number and quality of family doctors in Changning have been greatly improved to satisfy contracting services of the residents to a minimal extent. However ,more family doctors are needed ,as they still face much work stress. The family doctors call for standardized training ,better payroll and incentive mechanism ,better career development and coordinated support mechanism ,as well as better team building for greater performance .
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Objective To evaluate the motivation effect of family doctors′ contracting service and health insurance compensation mechanism from the perspective of income change and income satisfaction of family doctors .Methods The situation about salary compensation plan reform and the change of income level and structure were learnt from interviews on the management personnel and questionnaire surveys of family doctors in 2013 and 2016 .The data were subject to descriptive statistics .Results The proportion of family doctors earning between 8000 and 10000 yuan in 2016 rose to 67.16％ (90/134 ) from 18.18％ (26/143 ) in 2013.11.72％ (15/128 ) of family doctors′contracting service fee amounted to over 50％ of their income. The number of family doctors who were dissatisfied with their income has fallen by 28.52％ .There were still 51.90％ (68/131)of the family doctors who were not satisfied with their income and 24.64％ (34/138)of them held the incentives of performance appraisal as a failure .Conclusions The income of family doctors has been greatly increased in the last three years.Contracting service fee plays a key role in motivating these doctors , but three risks also need to be prevented in the process of further reform .
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Objective Under the linkage reform of family doctor service and medical insurance payment ,to study the family doctors′ career cognitive and expectations in order to improve the endogenous power of the family doctor system development ,and push forward the reform with sustainable effects .Methods All the family doctors in Changning were surveyed. There were 154 family doctors surveyed in the first phase of 2013 ,and 143 in the second phase of 2016 .The data were subject to descriptive statistics .Results About 80％ of the family doctors had a clear understanding of the family doctor system in 2016 ,with the proportion of family doctors clearly understanding their duties risen from 55.26％ (84/152)in 2013 to 61.27％ (87/142)in 2016 .Self-assessment of their work value and professional reputation were more positive significantly .70％ of them believed their social status as above average. The proportion of family doctors who were very confident/confident" in the development of community health services and family doctor system increased from 31.72％ (46/145) to 47.20％ (59/125)and from 31.72％ (46/145)to 52.42％ (65/124)respectively .Conclusions The occupational cognition and career expectations of family doctors in Changning district have been significantly improved ,which can guide their behavior towards reform objectives and propel the family doctor system progress smoothly .
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Objective@#To observe the efficacy and safety of de novo combination of Lamivudine(LAM) and Adefovir Dipivoxil (ADV) therapy counter to Entecavir (ETV) monotherapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB)- related compensated liver cirrhosis.@*Methods@#Patients with chronic hepatitis B-related compensated cirrhosis who were initially treated with LAM and ADV for more than 1 year were randomly assigned to two groups, one half replaced with ETV monotherapy, and the other half continued LAM and ADV co-therapy. Liver biochemistry, renal biochemistry, estimated glomerular filtration rate, alpha-fetoprotein, HBV serology markers and serum HBV DNA were measured every 3 months. Urine β2-microglobulin was measured every 6 months And retinol binding protein, followed up for 3 years. The mean values of the two groups were compared with t-test, and the rate of comparison was analyzed by x2 test.@*Results@#A total of 580 cases were collected, 290 cases were replaced with ETV monotherapy, the other 290 patients continued to LAM and ADV combination therapy. In the ETV group, the rates of HBV DNA negative conversion at 1 year, 2 years and 3 years were 77.6%, 84.5% and 94.5% respectively, while the HBV DNA negative conversion rates at 1, 2 and 3 years in the LAM and ADV combination groups were 69.3%, 73.4% and 80.3% respectively. Among them, the negative rates of HBV DNA in the second year and the third year were P < 0.05, the difference was statistically significant. The 3-year cumulative gene-resistant rate in the ETV group was 1.4%, while the combined treatment was as high as 8.6%, and the difference was statistically significant in the two groups. The estimated value of serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate in ETV group was followed by 3 years, and the baseline level was maintained, in the same group, the serum creatinine was higher than baseline, and the estimated value of glomerular filtration rate decreased. The results showed that there were 6.2%, 12.1%, 22.1% and 0, 0.3%, 1%, respectively, in 1, 2 and 3 years for the group of consecutive treatment and the replacement of ETV Group. The estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased by more than 30% compared with the baseline. The difference was statistically significant; the proportion of serum creatinine in the 1 year, 2 years and 3 years of the combined treatment group was 1.7%, 4.5% and 6.6%, compared with the baseline rise of > 50 μmol/l, and the ETV group was replaced in the 1 year, The values of 2 and 3 years were 0,0,0.7%, of which the 2nd and 3rd years were statistically significant; the proportion of microalbuminuria and retinol-binding protein in patients with combined treatment group was also significantly higher than that of Β2-m ETV Group.@*Conclusion@#The initial combination of LAM and ADV therapy is inferior in terms of ETV monotherapy. Single therapy with ETV increase the rate of viral response, reduce the incidence of drug resistance, and also reduce the incidence of renal impairment in patients with chronic hepatitis B -related compensated liver cirrhosis.
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Aptamers are DNA or RNA fragments that can specifically bind to target substances.Because of the excellent properties such as strong binding force,high specificity,small physical size,chemical synthesis and modification,good biocompatibility,and low immunogenicity aptamers show wide application propects in biomedical researches.Aptamers can also bind specifically to receptors on the surface of cell membranes,and mediate the endocytosis of nanoparticles into cells,making them ideal drug targeting ligands.Organic nanomaterials have excellent application value in nanodrug delivery system because of their good biocompatibility and degradability.In this paper,the recent research progress of aptamers and organic nanomaterials drug delivery systems was reviewed.
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Objective The aim of our study was to explore the relationship between prostate cancer and four serum markers,including Prostate specific antigen (PSA),Beta 2 Microglobulin (β2M),Neutrophil-to-lympochyte ratio (NLR) and Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH),and their variation rules in development of prostate cancer.Then to find one or more markers that can increase the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis to provide reference for clinic.Methods A total of 149 prostate cancer patients,40 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia,80 healthy subjects in our hospital were analyzed,and subsequent the T-PSA,F-PSA,β2M,LDH and NLR were measured.The correlation between these markers and prostate cancer as well as its different types and Gleason score was assessed statistically.We determined the cut-off point of the NLR and T-PSA according to the specificity and sensitivity levels derived from area under receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve.Results The level of T-PSA was significantly higher in patients of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia,and the level of NLR was higher only in patients of prostate cancer.Based on the area under ROC,the cut-off value of T-PSA was determined to be 4.625 ng/ml,and NLR was 2.11,and combined NLR and T-PSA can increase the specificity of diagnose.There is a statistical difference in Gleason scores in patients with different NLR of prostate cancer (P =0.030).Conclusions It could increased the specificity when combined NLR and T-PSA to diagnose prostate cancer.And NLR has positive correlation with the prognosis of patients of prostate cancer as well.
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AIM:To observe the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) in rat arcuate nucleus (Arc) of hypothalamus induced by substantia nigra (SN) lesion with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA).METHODS:According to the random number table, 20 SD rats were randomly divided into 6-OHDA group and control group.6-OHDA was injected into the bilateral SN of the rats in 6-OHDA group, and the same volume of saline was injected into the same position of the rats in control group.After 6 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and the brains were obtained.Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot were used to detect TH expression in the SN, and TH, Iba1 and POMC expression in the Arc.RESULTS:Compared with control group, no significant change of body weight in 6-OHDA group was observed, but the weight of retroperitoneal fat decreased from (7.550±0.670) g to (3.895±0.465) g (P<0.01).The number of TH immunoreactive neurons in SN decreased from 56±5 to 14±2 (P<0.05), and the TH protein level decreased from 0.75±0.11 to 0.41±0.09 (P<0.01).In the Arc, the number of TH immunoreactive neurons decreased from 21±2 to 10±3 (P<0.05), the number of Iba1 immunoreactive neurons increased from 12±2 to 30±5 (P<0.05), and the number of POMC immunoreactive neurons increased from 16±4 to 31±2 (P<0.05).In the hypothalamus, the TH protein level decreased from 0.35±0.05 to 0.21±0.02 (P<0.01), the Iba1 protein level increased from 0.23±0.06 to 0.51±0.04 (P<0.01), and the POMC protein level increased from 0.37±0.05 to 0.65±0.03 (P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The changes of TH, Iba1 and POMC expression in Arc of 6-OHDA-treated rats may involved in the fat loss in Parkinson's disease.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adoles cents,in order to provide the basis for developing obesity precautionary and control measures.Methods The data was extracted from the work in revision of National Student Physical Fitness Standard,including 120 275 children and adolescents of 7-18 years old.The Chinese body mass index criteria was used for screening overweight and obesity.Results the overall prevalence of obese was 7.1 ％ (boys:9.1％,girls:5.2％),of which 12.2％ (boys:14.6％,girls:9.8％) were overweight.The prevalence of obesity was decreased gradually with increasing age,but the boys' prevalence at the age of 9 and the girls' prevalence at the age of 16-17 was rebounded slightly.The obesity of children and adolescents from rural areas was in a significant growth stage,the prevalence of obesity was 4.6％ and overweight was 9.6％.There were differences between Han students and minority students,the Han'prevalence of obesity and overweight were 2.3％ and 3.2％higher than minority.The highest prevalence of overweight and obesity in Provincial Center City.The prevalence characteristic of obesity was uneven among different geographic areas,and was the maximum in North China and the minimum in Southern China.Conclusions The prevalence of obesity and overweight is higher among the males,primary students,rural areas,Han students,Provincial Center Cities,North and northeast areas.A targeted strategies and measures for obesity-prevention should be conducted.
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Objective To observe the cardiac structure and function of obese children,so as to evaluate the risk of early pathological changes and severe consequences.Methods One thousand and thirty-four children (aged between 8 and 9,of 520 females) from 5 primary schools in Beijing were recruited and randomly divided into 2 normal groups (206 males and 336 females),2 overweight groups (94 males and 80 females) and 2 obesity groups (214 males and 104 females) according to the sex and body fat percentage (BF％.The cardiac structure and function were measured using echocardiography.Results (1) Compared with the normal groups,significant increase was observed in the left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole (LVIDd),left ventricular posterior wall dimensions (LVPWd),left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV),left ventricular mass (LVM),left ventricular mass index (LVMI),stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) in the obesity groups (P＜0.01).However,no significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in the ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) (P＞0.05).(2) BF％ was positively correlated with the aortic root dimension,IVSd,LVIDd,LVPWd,EDV,LVM,LVMI,CO and SV (P＜0.01).(3) The prevalence of concentric hypertrophy was 6.1％ among the overweight and obese children aged between 8 and 9.Compared with the normal children,significant increase was found in their BF,BF％,body mass index,LVM,LVMI and RWT,but significant decrease in SV (P＜0.05).Conclusions Screening with BF％,the overweight and obese children between 8 and 9 years old have showed obvious changes in their cardiac structure and function,including higher left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole,thicker left ventricular wall as well as bigger left ventricular end-diastolic volume,left ventricular mass,left ventricular mass index,stroke volume and cardiac output.Meanwhile,the prevalence of concentric hypertrophy increased with the increase of body fat percentage.
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Objective To explore the effects of different weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity aerobic exercise on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and the expression of the skeletal muscle oxidative capacity related factor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferators γactivated receptor coativator-1-α (PGC-1α),so as to provide the basis for the choice of effective load intensity.Methods One hundred and twenty 6-week-old SPF male Wistar rats were equally randomized into 3 groups according to their body weight:a sedentary control group (not receiving any exercise),a moderate-intensity exercise group (undergoing 50-min continuous running at an intensity of 60％-70％ VO2max) and a HIIT group (conducting 3-min running at 90％ VO2max interspersed with 3-min recovery periods at 50％ VO2max and repeating that process 6 times,with a 7-min warm-up and cool-down period at 70％ VO2max).All rats except those in the control group exercised five days a week and 50min per day.All rats were measured their weight at 8:00-9:00am every Sunday.Soleus was taken from ten randomly chosen rats of each group at 2nd,4th,6th and 10th week after the onset of the intervention.The VO2max test was done before taking muscles.Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of AMPK and PGC-1α.Results (1) Both the exercise duration and mode had a significant impact on rats' body weight,and they had interaction with each other (P＜0.01).(2) The average PGC-1α expression in the skeletal muscle of 10-week HIIT group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05),and the average VO2max at the same time was also significantly higher than the other two groups.(3) In the HIIT group,the average VO2max at the 10th week was significantly higher than that at the 2nd,4th and 6th week (P＜ 0.05).The average protein expression of AMPK in the skeletal muscle at the 4th week in the moderate-intensity exercise group was significantly higher than that at the 2nd and 6th week of the same group,and that at the 2nd week of the control group (P＜0.05).The average protein expression of PGC-1α in the HIIT group from the 2nd to the 10th week was significantly higher than the control group at the 2nd week (P＜0.05).(4)The protein expression of PGC-1α was significantly correlated with temporal variation of VO2max in the HIIT group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Ten-week HIIT can effectively promote the expression of AMPK and PGC-1α in skeletal muscles and the maximal oxygen uptake.It plays a more quick and effective role in improving oxidant capacity and cardiorespiratory endurance of skeletal muscles than traditional moderate-intensity exercises.